If there's been 1 immutable rule throughout American tv history, it has been local news. Pretty much from the moment the station 1st signed on air, they commenced carrying nearby news where by sports constantly performed An important function. A lack of reliable programming resources in these early many years led lots of stations to turn to sports activities to fill their broadcasting schedules. The big apple's WNBT tv signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its to start with broadcast was an expert baseball match ("NBC Heritage", 2003). When developing nearby newscasts to fit their audience, these stations generally involved sporting activities and weather. As an example, in 1961 WKMG started out its 1st whole-time information Section in Orlando. Newscasts include things like Frank Vaught's sporting activities experiences ("The record of," 2003).
Sporting activities have held a dominant posture in local information broadcasting for quite a few years, but recent industry trends have termed into dilemma this posture. Segmented audiences, switching demographics, and declining information profitability have pressured the station to reexamine its neighborhood sports segment. “Sporting activities is one of the past parts of Tv set in which folks do issues the way they always have,” suggests television executive Elliott Wiser. “(Now) a completely new tactic is required” (Deggans, 2000).
Dilemma for Neighborhood TV Information
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Task for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 2/three가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 seventy six%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 9월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 seven% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and tv News Director’s Affiliation(“Modifying channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). TV 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 four~5개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Trouble for Regional TV Athletics
None of this is Great news for your area television sporting activities sector, that's increasingly underneath scrutiny from station execs. In spite of its common presence in just neighborhood newscasts, sporting activities have prolonged been considered a "tuning" component. Based on a study by the Radio and Television Information Directors Foundation, only 31% of viewers claimed they were 'quite fascinated' in sports activities and 32% ended up 'somewhat intrigued' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to seventy two% who expressed interest inside the weather conditions. "Sports are incredibly polarizing." claimed tv news specialist Brent Magid. “The bulk can settle for, leave, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Reports have revealed that women are significantly less considering athletics than Adult males (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and many stations have acted accordingly. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the sport from its early evening newscasts. In line with station information director Jim Church, "Telling a Tale when not a soul is listening isn't an excellent utilization of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have eradicated the Activity, while some have minimized their allotted time. Depending on the day from the week (weekends have a lot more sports activities time), athletics segments have ordinarily gained concerning a few and 5 minutes of area information protection. Since range is right down to a couple of minute. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA Lower time for sports activities by just three along with a half minutes for 3 several hours of reports. Some others while in the sector have carried out new methods, like sports tales that concentration additional on persons than scores or cater into a wider news viewers. "What we're wanting to do now is address athletics as news," says KDKA information director Al Blinke. “We want to do some thing beyond sporting activities” (Finder, 2002).
Discussion
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 TV 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Adjustments in local sporting activities could possibly be a reflection with the incredible upheaval going on in the course of broadcast news. Should the athletics sector is no longer Safe and sound, what about other information components? CBS Team News Vice chairman Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) said, “[All this] forces us to reexamine the [information] design.”
On a far more instant amount, adjustments from the nearby sporting activities sector straight have an affect on A huge number of aspiring sportscasters. Stations that are lowering their determination to sports activities also are decreasing their athletics workforce levels, 스포츠중계 which impacts The task current market. An additional information director reported, "[Sports activities on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two entire-time sportsmen to at least one complete-time, one particular answerable for the news 3 times each week, and it was a battle to stay there.”
Similarly vital, modifications in the best way athletics are introduced are forcing sporting activities broadcasters to find out new strategies. No more can sportscasters center on scoring. They have to create the presentation a lot more participating for normal lovers. This is often also important for journalism faculties across the country, which must document what stations want while in the athletics sector and update their teaching curricula.
Will these variations do the job or persist? Sporting activities journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented on the change in KDKA, “Let’s reserve final judgment until September, once the Steelers, university, and high school football seasons begin in earnest. Then the station will be . There is an mistake in clock administration.”